table des matières, tome 2
LE HODE DE WALDERSBACH



       "Mon …on…on ! quel drôle de Hans !"

       Le Gruson est si perplexe qu'il a en bien failli, sous l'effet de la surprise, prononcer en vain le nom du seigneur notre Dieu, ce qui est formellement interdit par le troisième commandement.

       Heureusement, il a su s'arrêter à la première syllabe. C'est à cela qu'on distingue un bon luthérien d'un catholique incapable du moindre contrôle de soi.

       Vous vous souvenez du Gruson, j'espère. D'après les protocoles de la justice, ce diable était l'amant de Madeleine Thon, une femme qui a laissé une nombreuse descendance. C'est donc le possible ancêtre d'une bonne moitié du Ban de la Roche, aussi vrai qu'on descend plus souvent de l'amant de sa mère que de son mari.

       Donc, cher lecteur, voici mon, voici ton, voici notre, voici leur possible ancêtre bien attrapé.

       Comme tu le sais sans doute, les diables du Ban de la Roche font, comme tout un chacun, garder leur vache par le hodé communal. Ils se rendent au bout du village le matin, lors du passage du troupeau et là, tout simplement, leur vache prend place parmi les autres.

       Le hodé se rend-il compte qu'il a une vache de trop ? C'est possible, mais après tout, c'est mieux que s'il en manquait une. Du moment qu'une varie paie honnêtement ce qu'elle doit, à la Saint Jean d'été et à la Saint Michel, en faisant guingler au bout de sa corne la piéçote qui constitue son paiement, le berger la prend en charge. Il n'est pas là pour compliquer l'existence de ses voisins, surtout quand ces derniers ont les moyens de compliquer la sienne par leurs diablereilles.

       Comme chaque matin, donc, le troupeau se constitue à peu près sans aide humaine. Les bêtes, qui connaissent le chemin, prennent leur place dans la file quand celle-ci passe à proximité de leur chtaille. Voici la vache du maréchal-ferrant. Voila celles du bourreau et de ses aides (la justice se tient à Waldersbach). Et voici encore comme on passe devant le moulin, plusieurs varies appartenant à autant de branches de la nombreuse et prospère famille des meuniers Caquelin. Le hodé , un nouveau, les compte, leur examine les sabots, leur donne une tape amicale. Manifestement, il connaît chacune des varies , les aime, et tient à les rendre en bon état.

       Voilà qui ne fait pas l'affaire du Gruson, d'autant que le neuf hodé , quoique jeune, n'a pas l'air d'un plaisantin. Il porte la barbe, il est habillé à la manière anabaptiste, il ne jure pas, il boit de l'eau et, lorsque les soins aux bêtes -car il se mêle de les soigner- lui laissent quelque répit, il ouvre la Bible.

       Gruson comprend que, s'il s'approche trop, il a plus de chances de subir un sermon que de réussir à introduire en douce sa vache dans le troupeau.

       Quand on pense que, chez nos voisins catholiques, les hodés gardent toutes les varies sans distinction, et qu'ils célèbrent même les mariages fictifs lors des Bures ! En voilà nam qui savent vivre et s'amuser ! Au lieu de cela, au Ban de la Roche, c'est des apôtres qui vous serrent la vis chaque jour un peu plus et qui donneraient bien au pasteur des leçons de Bible !

       Le Gruson passe son chemin d'un air dégoûté, songeant à se faire papiste.

       Le jeune hodé s'appelle Jean Sommer. Il est né vers 1670 à Summiswald, dans le canton de Berne, et il est arrivé enfant dans les bagages de son père Ulrich. La famille arrive au Ban de la Roche peu d'années après la naissance de Jean, puisqu'Ulrich Sommer épouse en secondes noces Catherine Kommer le 2 février 1696 à Waldersbach. La famille est donc arrivée entre 1670 et 1693. Plus précisément, il est vraisemblable qu'elle est arrivée peu après 1671, car il y a eu cette année là une recrudescence de persécution qui a précisément touché Summiswald (Canton de Berne, Suisse), village d'origine de la famille.

       Nous savons donc à peu près de quoi l'on parle chez les Sommer. On se raconte la grande persécution, bien sur. Les détails en figurent plus loin, je donne l'extrait du Martyr's Mirror qui concerne cet épisode, que les Sommer ont sans doute vécu.

       Et, comme ils sont de Summiswald, il est probable qu'ils parlent aussi de leur martyr, Jean Haslibacher, décapité lors d'une précédente persécution en 1571.

       Comme on allait le tuer, Haslibacher annonça que trois signes témoigneraient après sa mort de son innocence : sa tête irait se placer dans son chapeau et se mettrait à rire ; le soleil deviendrait rouge ; l'eau du puits du village également.

       Ces signes se produisirent. Avant de mourir, Haslibacher avait prié pour le salut de ses bourreaux, car non seulement un anabaptiste ne doit pas chercher à se venger, mais il ne doit même pas prier Dieu de punir ceux qui le frappent.

       Autres sujets de conversations probables : les mariages mixtes et la nature des relations à établir avec le reste de la société.

       Une partie de la communauté est fort tentée de se replier sur elle-même et elle a quelques raisons pour cela : nombre de fugitifs ont été abandonnés par leur conjoint calviniste, qui fut bizarrement autorisé par son Eglise à se remarier ou à prendre un autre compagnon (apparemment sans mariage !!!).

       On ne peut donc trop en vouloir à Jacob Amman, la grande gueule de la communauté, de prôner une séparation totale. Il habite Sainte-Marie aux Mines. Il se sépare du reste de la communauté, qu'il juge laxiste, et fonde le mouvement Amish, qui existe toujours aux Etats-Unis.


Jean Sommer, hodé à Waldersbach

Observation : compte-tenu de l'importance de cette famille, la descendance masculine d'Ulrich Sommer, père de Jean, sera numérotée selon la méthode d'Aboville ; dans cette méthode :
première génération : 1 ;
deuxième génération : 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 … ;
troisième génération : fils de 1-1 : 1-1-1-, 1-1-2, 1-1-3 ;
troisième génération fils de 1-2 : 1-2-1, 1-2-2, 1-2-3 … ;
Une petite particularité : j'ai tenu à ce que la même numérotation puisse servir pour tous les Sommer ; donc je commence à Ulrich, père de Jean ; donc Ulrich est le 1 ; donc Jean est le 1-1-
Voir aussi les chapitres intitulés "Des anabaptistes" et "Disparition de la cense du Sommerhof "

Descendance de Jean Sommer et de Catherine Kommer

Génération 1
1 Ulrich Sommer ; o entre 1635 et 1645 , Sumiswald, Suisse ; + le 8 janvier 1725 , Rothau ; x le 22 novembre 1669 avec Christine REHSEE ; RESSE (1651-1691), dont Jean (1672-1706) ; xx 2 février 1693, à Waldersbach, 67130 Christine KOMMER, dont Claude ; Jacques ; André ; André

Génération 2
1-1 Jean SOMMER, né en 1672, décédé le 10 février 1706, à Waldersbach, 67130, BAS RHIN ; fils d'Ulrich Sommer et de Christine Reehse ; dans son acte de décès, la religion réformée lui est attribuée de façon de toute évidence erronée au vu des alliances de sa descendance ; hodé ; x avant 1700 avec Catherine Kommer, née en 1680, en Suisse

(pour mémoire, les demi-frères de Jean ) :
1-1 Claude Sommer ; o le 26 avril 1693 à Belmont, sans postérité connue
1-2 Jacques Sommer o le 18 avril 1695 , sans postérité connue
1-3 André Sommer ; x Elisabeth N en 1705, dont Christian Chrétien (1733-1804) , puis vaste descendance aux alliances clairement anabaptistes
1-4 André Sommer ; o entre 1698 et 1710 ; x Marié avec Anne PINCKELE, dont Georges 1725 ; Anne Marie 1728/1730-1780 ; Joseph 1736/1740-1782 ; Elisabeth Inée SOMMER ou SOMMERIE 1738-1796 ; Ulrich 1740-1787 ; Marie 1751 ; dont vaste descendance avec des alliances majoritairement anabaptistes, mais aussi avec des Banzet du Ban de la Roche

Génération 3

1-1-1 Jean né entre 1700 et 1705 x Marie Barbe NEUHAUSER

Génération 4

1-1-1-1 Jean., marié entre 1767 et 1772 avec Marie RUBY, née le 17 juin 1747, Palatinat, Allemagne

1-1-1-2- Ulrich , marié avant 1767 avec Marie SALTZMANN, née en 1737, décédée le 29 novembre 1816, à Neuviller la Roche

1-1-1-3- Jacques.

Génération 5

De Jean x Marie Ruby :

1-1-1-1-1 Ulrich, o 4 octobre 1769, Sommerhoff, 67130, BAS RHIN, France, décédé le 20 juillet 1833, ,à Raon l'Étape, 88110, VOSGES, x le 27 décembre 1794, à Neuviller la Roche Cense du Sommerhoff avec Barbe GUERICH ; HERIE ; GOERIG ; KAERICK, ( née le 18 janvier 1777, à Bourg Bruche, 67130, BAS RHIN, France + avant 1860, , ?, , , Usa)

1-1-1-1-2 Chrétien, né le 4 octobre 1769, Sommerhoff, 67130, BAS RHIN, France, décédé le 9 mai 1840, Le Hohwald, 67140, BAS RHIN x le 7 mai 1793, , Neuviller la Roche, France, avec Marie Madeleine DOLTER, née le 28 juin 1774, , Le Hohwald, 67140, BAS RHIN, décédée le 6 mai 1834,, Le Hohwald) dont Marie-Madeleine, Marie-Anne, Chrétien, Joseph, Catherine, Elizabeth

1-1-1-1-3- Joseph,

Elisabeth, née le 15 février 1780, Sommerhoff, 67130, BAS RHIN, France, x le 18 janvier 1804, , Neuviller, avec André GOERIG, né le 31 octobre 1781, , le Hang Bourg Bruche

D'Ulrich, x Marie Saltzmann

Barbe, o 1765, Natzwiller + le 8 janvier 1822, , Breitenbach, 67, x Jean HODLER

1-1-1-2-1 Ulric, o juin 1767, Neuviller la Roche Cense Sommerhoff, + le 19 janvier 1832, à Barr, x le7 septembre 1795, Neuviller la Roche Cense Sommerhoff, , avec Marie BAECHER

1-1-1-1-2 Jean, o 1768, , Neuviller la Roche, + Kintzheim, 67, x 10 novembre 1795, , Ste Marie Aux Mines, 68, avec Barbe GOLDSCHMITT

1-1-1-2-3- Ulrich Pierre, o le 15 mai 1769, Sommerhoff, + le 15 mai 1833, x 13 décembre 1809, ,Neuviller la Roche, 67130, BAS RHIN, France, avec Marie ZEHNTER (née le 14 août 1790, Andlau, 67)

1-1-1-2-4- Christian, né en 1775

1-1-1-2-5- Joseph, né en 1775, Neuviller la Roche, , décédé le 25 septembre 1837, , Mittersheim, 57, x le 7 août 1796, Ste Marie Aux Mines, avec Anne Marie SCHWARTZ, née en 1777, Valbach, 68 ; xx avec Anne Marie GOERIG, née le 14 septembre 1788, , le Hang Bourg Bruche, 67

1-1-1-2-6 Michel, né le 23 mars 1779, Sommerhoff, x le 8 mai 1811, , Neuviller, avec Sara GEORGE, née le 13 novembre 1778, Wildersbach

Madeleine, née le 27 août 1781, à Plaine, 67

1-1-1-2-7 Chrétien, né en 1786, , Neuviller la Roche, décédé le 19 septembre 1844, , Breitenbach, 67.

De Jacques (1-1-1-3), pas de descendance connue





LA PERSECUTION DE 1671 VUE PAR LE MARTYR'S MIRROR

(Je laisse ce texte en anglais, car ce serait trop galère de tout traduire, mais je souligne ce qui m'a frappée :
   1)   le caractère massif de la persécution de 1671 ;
   2)   la grande misère des fugitifs ;
   3)   la capacité d'attraction à elle et de conversion que l'Eglise anabaptiste conservait dans la tourmente ;
   4)   le nombre de familles mixtes, dont certains membres étaient anabaptistes et pas les autres ; la fragilité de ces familles lors de la persécution ; la bizarre autorisation de divorcer et de se remarier (ou de se mettre à la colle !!!) accordée par l'Eglise officielle aux conjoints d'anabaptistes ;
   5)   l'extrême mobilité de cette communauté entre la Suisse, l'Alsace, les Pays-Bas et le Palatinat.)

SEVEN HUNDRED PERSONS OPPRESSED AND PERSECUTED AT BERNE

       In the year 1671 there arose again a severe persecution against the Anabaptists, in said dominion of Berne; which persecution was so rigorous and long-continued, that it seemed that the authorities would not desist, until they should have utterly driven that people out of their dominion, or exterminate them. In consequence of this it also happened, that about seven hundred persons, small and great, found themselves compelled to leave their abode, forsake their property, and, many of them, also their kindred, together with their earthly fatherland, and betake themselves with the others to the Palatinate, in hope that the Lord should so order it, that they might find a place of abode there. We were eyewitnesses, as to how it went when they arrived there, and we inspected place after place whither they had come to find abodes.

       However, as we, just before we went thither, had received, from the persecuted people themselves, as well as from others who wrote in their name, and as they told them, several letters, which plainly state the circumstances and condition of this persecution, just as we had heard it from their own lips, we deemed it advisable, to insert the same here, in order that the Christian reader, reading them, may fancy to himself, that he hears the account, not of ear or eye witnesses, but even of the very people that suffered said persecution. The letters read as follows
       
EXTRACT FROM THE FIRST LETTER,
DATED THE 7TH OF APRIL, 1671, FROM OBERSULTZEM

       As to the request of the friends, concerning the situation of our Swiss brethren in the Berne dominion, the facts are, that they are in a very sad condition, as we have learned from the lips of the fugitives that have arrived here, some of whom are still in my house. They say that they are daily hunted with constables, and, as many as they can get, taken prisoners to the city of Berne, so that about four weeks ago about forty, men and women, were in confinement there. They have also scourged some, and banished them from the country, one of whom has arrived here. They also scourged a minister in the word, and then conducted him out of the country, into Burgundy, where, when they arrived there, they first branded him, and let him go among the Walloons. However, as he could talk with no one, he had to go about three days with his burnt body, before his wounds were dressed and he obtained some refreshments; being in such a condition, that when they undressed him for the purpose of binding up his wounds, the matter ran down his back, as a brother who helped dress the wound told me himself. This friend arrived in Alsace together with two women and a man, who had also been scourged and banished. Hence they proceed very severely, and, as it seems, will not desist from their purpose, until they shall have utterly banished from their country and exterminated this harmless people.

       It also appears that nothing further can be done in favor of these persecuted brethren; for besides that the friends at Amsterdam and elsewhere labored for several years in the matter, so that several favorable letters of recommendation from the Lords States of Holland, as also in particular from the city of Amsterdam, and also of other persons of quality, were sent thither to the magistrates; also, in the year 1660, an Express named Adolf de Vreede, was sent to them; however, he did not effect much for the benefit of our friends there. Hence, I cannot see that the friends at present will be able to effect anything that would tend to the relief of our persecuted brethren there. We will have to await with patience the deliverance which the Lord our God may be pleased to grant them.

EXTRACT FROM THE SECOND LETTER FROM OBER SULTZEM,
THE 23D DAY OF MAY, 1671

       The persecution of our friends continues as rigorous as before, so that we are surprised, that they do not make more speed in leaving the country. Now and then one or two come straggling down; but the most of them still stay above Strasburg, in Alsace. Some go into the woods and chop wood; others go to the mountains and work in the vineyards, in the hope, as it appears to me, that by-and by tranquility will be restored, and that they might then be able with the greater convenience to return to their forsaken abodes; but I fear, that it will not pass over so soon, and that they will find themselves greatly deceived in their hope.

       The magistrates at Berne caused six of the prisoners, among whom was a man with nine children, to be fastened to a chain, and to be sold for the sea, to be used as galley slaves between Milan and Malta; but as to what they propose to do with the other prisoners, cannot really be learned. One of the prisoners, an old man of about eighty years, died in prison. May the Lord comfort them in their sorrow, and strengthen them in their weakness, so that they may patiently bear the cross, and strive faithfully unto the end, for the truth of the Gospel, and thus be enabled ultimately to obtain the promised salvation and crown of life. Amen.

       
EXTRACT FROM THE THIRD LETTER FROM OBER SULTZEM,
THE 13TH OF OCTOBER, 1671

       Hendrick de Backer, most esteemed friend and beloved brother in Christ. I wish you and yours much grace and peace from God our 'Heavenly Father, through our Lord Jesus Christ, as a friendly greeting. Amen.

       This is in reply to your request touching the condition of our persecuted Swiss brethren. The facts are, that on the 11th ult., it was resolved in the full council at Berne, to send the male prisoners that are young and strong also upon the galleys, even as they have before this done to six of them; but the old and feeble they would either send elsewhere, or keep them in perpetual confinement. Learning of this resolution, and being moved to compassion, a certain gentleman in Berne went to the magistrates, and requested that they would be pleased to postpone sending away the prisoners until he could go to their fellow believers, residing in Alsace, and see whether they would be responsible for the prisoners, by promising that the latter, after leaving the country, should return no more without consent. This he obtained, and coming into Alsace to our friends, he presented the matter to them, who, as soon as they had heard it, forthwith accepted the conditions, and promised in case the authorities at Berne should be pleased to send the prisoners to them, that they would be responsible for them, and aid them in obtaining other abodes. This our friends, as I understand, promised this gentleman (his name was Beatus), not only orally, but also gave it to him in writing. Thereupon he promised them again to do his best with the authorities of Berne, and hoped to obtain so much from them, that they should bring the prisoners as far as Basle, from where the friends might take them away with them. Hence, we long to meet them, daily expecting to hear that they have arrived in Alsace, or that they shall come over here to us.

       At this moment there have arrived at my house, four Swiss brethren with their wives and children, who say, that also many others are on the way, since the persecution and search are daily increasing. Concluding herewith, I commend you, after a Christian and brotherly greeting, to the Most High, for your eternal salvation.

       Your affectionate friend and brother in Christ,

JACOB EVERLING.              

EXTRACT FROM THE FOURTH LETTER, DATED NOVEMBER 2D, 1671

       Concerning our Swiss friends, they are now coming this way in large parties, so that there have already arrived over two hundred persons, and among them are many old, gray-headed people, both men and women, that have reached seventy, eighty, yea, ninety years; also a number that are crippled and lame; carrying their bundles on their backs, with children on their arms, some of good cheer, some also with tearful eyes, particularly the old and feeble persons, who now in their great age are compelled to wander about in misery, and go to strange countries, and many of them having nothing on which to sleep by night, so that I and others with me, have now for about two weeks had to make it our regular work, to provide shelter and other necessaries for them.

       We are also in daily expectation of still more, so that we hope, that when the people have mostly left the country, the prisoners also will be released. Farewell.

       The sequel was, that continually more and more of the expelled fugitives came down from Switzerland into the Palatinate, in all nearly seven hundred persons, old and young, among whom were families of eight, ten, and as many as twelve children, who had scarcely been able to bring with them enough for their traveling expenses, as appears from the following extract

FIFTH EXTRACT FROM THE SAME, OBERSULTZEM, ON THE 5TH OF JANUARY, 1672

       There has arrived in the region above Heidelberg, a man, being a minister in the North, having twelve, mostly very young children, but having, as I understand, brought with him only four rixdollars in money, and a very poor horse. Some others have brought with them some money, but many nothing at all, so that after close examination there was found among two hundred and eighty- two persons, one thousand and forty-six rix-dollars. And in the Alzey Bailiwick, among two hundred and fifteen persons, six hundred and eight rix-dollars. In the Darmstein Bailiwick, there were found one hundred and forty-four persons; but as to what their means are, I have not learned; but from appearances I judge them to be the most indigent. In short, we find that their number consists of about eighty full families, then further, widows, single persons, and husbands and wives that had to forsake their companions, because the latter, being attached to the Reformed Religion, could not make up their minds to leave; in all, six hundred and forty-one persons, whose funds amount to no more than the little sum already stated; so that you can easily calculate, that considerable assistance will be necessary. Besides these, we understand, there are about one hundred persons more sojourning in Alsace, whom we also expect by the forepart of the year. Farewell. Thus far the extracts from the letters.

       Subsequently the brotherhoods residing in the provinces of the United Netherlands, in March of the same year, 1672, sent some from their midst to the Palatinate, who traveling everywhere to the persecuted brethren, and hearing and seeing them, not only found the above related, to be true, but also, that already some of the last-mentioned had come over from Alsace, who, bringing also, like the others, no funds with them, were, together with these, aided and comforted by the common assistance of the wealthy churches or brotherhoods of the United Provinces.

       Moreover, they learned from some of the forty prisoners themselves that they had all been released, and, according to the request of the abovementioned gentleman, been brought to Basle, and there turned over to their brethren, with whom they then together removed. But when the chiefest of them were asked why they had not left sooner and sought such places, where they might have lived with more freedom according to their conscience, seeing the authorities had not prevented their leaving, they gave different reasons for it, of which the following ones were not the least.

       1. They said that they say that the churches greatly waxed and increased, so that, though under the cross, they nevertheless flourished as a rose among thorns, and that further increase could daily be expected, because many persons manifested themselves, who saw the light shine out of darkness, and began to love the same and seek after it; that the ministers considering this in their heart, found themselves loath to leave the country, fearing that thereby this promising harvest might be lost, and thus many fall back from their good purpose; and hence, they chose rather to suffer a little than to leave, in order that they might yet rescue some souls from perdition, and bring them to Christ.

       2. A second reason was that they could not so easily take their departure to other countries, because there are among them many divided families, of whom the husband or the wife is in the church, while the companion still attended the public church, in which case, if the latter would not follow their persecuted companions, also to forsake everything and leave the country, it caused great inconvenience and sorrow; that there were even divers ministers not exempt from this difficulty, and there were also two ministers there in the Palatinate, who had wives that were not in the church, and whom they (having secretly been warned by a good friend), also had had to leave by night, and take to flight, without knowing as yet whether their wives should follow them, or whether they, loving their property more than their husbands, should remain there in the land, and forsake their husbands. That such cases created the more sorrow and difficulty, because the authorities granted liberty to such remaining persons, whether women or men, to marry again and seek other companions. These and other reasons had prevented them from departing uncompelled out of their earthly fatherland; but induced them, rather (as they had now done), to wait until they should see that they could no longer remain there and preserve a good consience.

       Truly, it is to be lamented that at this time, when the light of the Gospel has shone so long to the protestants, there are nevertheless still found among them those who think it good to persecute such who in every respect are good and pious subjects, and differ from them only in certain points concerning the Christian religion. Oh, how little there is regarded by such conduct, the teaching of our Saviour, to do unto others as we would have them do unto us. And yet such complain of the persecution that is inflicted in France, Hungary, and elsewhere upon their brotherhoods. But what do you think, might they not with justice be replied to in the same manner in which the Apostle Paul replied to the Jews, Rom. 11:21,* etc.? Certainly, very justly.

       We conclude this recital with this earnest prayer, namely, that God the Lord would be pleased so to direct the hearts of those that are in authority, that we may under their reign and dominion lead a peaceable and quiet life, in all godliness and honesty. And if it should be, that the great God might deem it good, to permit the persecution of His believers here or there, that He might then be pleased to abide with them with His fatherly care and comfort, and through grace grant that their afflictions may be accompanied with patience, their faith with steadfastness, and their virtues with faithfulness; all to the honor of His name, that can never be praised enough, and to the salvation of their souls, through Christ our Lord and Saviour. Amen.







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